Prevention and Control of Locally Endemic Diseases

Prevention and Control of Locally Endemic Diseases solid groundwide, countries ar facing conglomerate public wellness problems but at unequal intensity. Low and middle-income countries atomic number 18 more than suffering from steep burden of disease than developed countries (Lopez et al., 2006). universe wellness issues in the world construct existed for hundreds of years and to cope with them confused interventions from different stack abide been purge in place and reach been improved over time depending upon invigorated wellness-related discoveries.In September 1978, World wellness Organisation in coaction with The United Nations Childrens Fund arrange the famous International Conference on primordial health care in Alma-Ata, former Soviet Union, where 3000 delegates from various national governments and international bodies convened to find new ways of dealing with public health setbacks. This conference was a line in the onward motion of nation health aroun d the world presumption the introduction of the theme of health for altogether with the slogan Health for All by the Year 2000 (Wooding, Nagaddya Nakaggwa, 2012).In the Declaration issued at the end of the conference, Primary Healthcare was defined as substantive health care based on practical, scientifically sound and kindly delightful methods and technology do universally brotherly to individuals and families in the residential area through their full participation and at cost that the confederation and country jakes afford to control at every st hop on of their exploitation in the spirit of self-direction and self-determination (World Health Organisation, 1978).In this essay, with relevant examples, the explicit sum of this definition provide be discussed. Later on, gaps and lessons drawn from the conceptualisation and implementation of Primary Healthcare in Rwanda will be identified. Finally, the relevance of Primary Healthcare in the Rwandan health system will be examined.A.EXPLICIT MEANING OF DEFINITION OF original HEALTHCARE ACCORDING TO WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATIONThe definition of immemorial health care, as it was issued in the Alma-Ata Conference Declaration, was general and needed some precisions and habitual understanding to avoid any misinterpretation.To fully grasp the explicit meaning of uncreated healthcare, as was defined by the World Health Organisation, it worth, firstly, to hold on it into basic termsA.1.Primary healthcare as essential and appropriate activities for promoting the health of the populationPrimary healthcare is a set of activities aimed at promoting the health status of the population. Through these activities, prevailing health problems that the community suffer are addressed properly by providing promotive, preventive, curative and rehabilitative services (World Health Organisation, 1978).World Health Organisation (1978) states that the essential services that original healthcare would provide were e ducation on prevailing diseases and the ways of preventing and controlling them promotion of food supply and proper regimen maternal and peasant healthcare including family readying adequate supply of safe water and basic sanitation immunisation against major infectious diseases prevention and control of local indigenous diseases, appropriate treatment of rough-cut diseases and injuries and provision of essential drugs. These services were judge to vary according to the country and community provided their economic and social aspects that they hypothecate and from which they evolve and health system had the social responsibility to avail essential healthcare to all (World Health Organisation, 1978).A.1.1.Education on prevailing diseases and the methods of preventing and controlling themThis fragment of uncomplicated healthcare aims to support personal and community social ontogeny by informing them through education for health. The enhancement of their life skills leads to behavior change at individual or collective level in order to tackle health problems prevailing in their community. Additionally, this activity makes heap aware of other factors that determine their boilers suit health like environmental factors, lifestyle and genetics. As a result, people are empowered to pull in informed options to have control over their own health and over those factors determining their health status.Various ways are used ranging from weed media tools to simple messages transmitted to individuals or to the community regarding the strategies to fight against common diseases in their communities (Wooding, Nagaddya Nakaggwa, 2012). Further, health educational materials can be developed, supplied in the schools by those working in education sector to be integrated in health system.To illustrate this activity in the community, the strategies regarding the prevention of malaria should include the education on what is malaria, its causes, signs and symptoms of the disease, treatment and preventive measures in place.A.1.2.Promotion of food supply and proper nutritionThe Promotion of food supply and proper nutrition in the families and in the community in general is a cornerstone in fighting against ill-health. Under nutrition and micronutrients deficiencies largely in women in reproductive age and children largely rear to a global burden of disease (Caulfield al., 2006).A.1.3.Maternal and child health including family planningMaternal and child morbidity and mortality rates, mostly in resource limited countries, are still high and more action is needed to tackle this public health issue. Women and childrens deaths are attributed to the causes which in many cases are prevent open and avoidable through collaboration of various stakeholders (Wooding, Nagaddya Nakaggwa, 2012).A.1.4.Adequate supply of safe water and improved sanitationThis component of primary healthcare ensures that population has not scarce inlet to safe and clear water but also to clean environment. The role of contaminated water and environment in spreading diseases is known. The supply of safe and adequate water, sanitation and disposal of liquid and solid waste be a signalise role preventing diseases transmission (Howard et al., 2002).A.1.5.Immunisation program against major diseasesImmunisation against major diseases plays a identify role in preventing serious contagious diseases mostly in children like Tuberculosis, measles, tetanus, whooping cough, etc .Women in reproductive age are also immunize for Tetanus.A.1.6. Prevention and control of local endemic diseasesSome persisting diseases in a community contribute to the burden of disease and are referable to the increasing morbidity and mortality in many countries. Regular application and appropriate treatment of these diseases done by skilled healthcare workforce with appropriate health technology are key to the control of them (Wooding, Nagaddya Nakaggwa, 2012).A.1.7. hold t reatment of common diseases and injuriesThis component of primary healthcare deals with the treatment of common diseases and injuries that members of the community suffer. These diseases include common infectious diseases that prevails in the community, skin lesions due(p) to injuries, infections or other disease conditions that affect the skin all of which contribute to the burden of disease.A.1.8.Provision of essential drugsThe provision of essential drugs contributes greatly in hard-hitting management of common pathological conditions in the community. They are of an utmost immenseness in preventing and treating diseases which have a greater impact on lives of millions of people around the world. Essential drugs save lives and improve health (Balkan et al., 2013).A.2.Primary healthcare as essential activities based on practical, scientifically sound and socially grateful methods and technologyTo strain its ultimate goal, which is better health for all, primary healthcare sho uld be evidence-guided. Primary healthcare practice has to be based on scientifically-proved methods, techniques, equipments and drugs (World Health Organisation, 1978).To avert health problems, various methods, techniques, equipments and drugs are used in prevention, diagnosis, treatment of diseases and patient rehabilitation once the disease in treated. weft of health technology to be used has not to be only based on scientific evidences but also on its affordability and acceptableness in the context of local value, culture and belief (World Health Organisation, 2011). For example, primary healthcare providers should use those healthcare technologies that enable clients to have access to high quality, safe and cost-effective healthcare.A.3.Primary healthcare should be made universally affable to individuals and families in the communityAll members of the community should equally and universally have access to health services regardless of their social economic standing, religio n, sex, age, race, dustup or geographic location and to ensure that it is effectively achieved, the concept of candour should be taken into comity.The availability of health services itself is not the dominance that the primary healthcare would be successful. There are other components to be addressed to ensure that health services made universally accessible are appropriately used by all members of the community. World Health Organisation (1978) recommended that states government should make use of available resources effectively by increasing the funds allocated for health and firstly giving priority to the elongation of primary healthcare to disadvantaged communities.Countries should make sure that all barriers including social economic barriers are properly addressed by reducing animadversion and social economic disparities to economic aid those in need to have access to health services.A.4.Primary healthcare should involve full participation of community members at a cos t that the community and the country can afford to maintain at every stage of their increase in the spirit of self-reliance and self-determinationThe participation of communities in primary healthcare care activities forms an intrinsic part in the health system. Central level should take into consideration the role of communities that play in primary healthcare activities planning process. To achieve this, communities have to be enabled to understand their role, especially in primary healthcare strategies and in the development process at community level in general, by providing with them the guidance and the necessary information that they do not have at their level. Once community members fully understand the part they play in the national primary healthcare strategy and in the overall development process at community level, then they are able to give their contribution in the formulation of primary healthcare programmes by examining themselves the health problems that they face in their community, setting priorities, adjusting national solutions to their local communities and organising themselves and put in place support and control mechanisms (World Health Organisation, 1978). Also, the effectiveness of primary healthcare depends on the use of means that are affordable and acceptable by both the community and the country.The necessity of involvement of other health system components and other sectors that contribute to general countrys social economic development is of paramount importance in the implementation of primary healthcare programmes as health cannot be attained by the health sector but (World Health Organisation, 1978).The linkage between primary healthcare and other sectors in the context of community development needs a coordinated apparent movement in planning process at the community level. The joined endeavor from various community development stakeholders results in a sort of collaboration which has a greater impact on primary health care.As an instance of the above, malnutrition reduction programme in less than five should involve community members, healthcare workers, and agricultural worker as they might have the key information that can help in planning process. Additionally, community members can actively participate in the implementation of some components of the programme conjointly with other development initiatives from other social economic development sectors.B.GAPS AND LESSONS emaciated FROM THE CONCEPTUALISATION OF PRIMARY HEALTHCARE IN RWANDAThe implementation of primary healthcare in Rwanda has been proven to be effective in recent years. condescension the four years of civil war and genocide that left more than one million of people dead, thousands of hundreds displaced and health system totally collapsed, Rwanda has made remarkable progress in improving the health status of its population (Rodriguez Samuels, 2011).The above remarkable progress is imputable to various factors including ambiti ous semipolitical will that predominantly played in key. Health sector reforms which include community health insurance commonly known as mutuelle de sant and a boost of health services done by providing the incentives to healthcare mental faculty through performance-based financing schemes have also been a cornerstone in the achievements of such results. Furthermore, strong leadership, strong health policies together with involvement of community health workers in participatory decentralisation and effective coordination of donations from health and development partners have been implemental in implementation of primary healthcare strategies.B.1.Lessons to be leantPrimary healthcare conceptualisation and implementation, in Rwanda case, offers great lessons to be learnt for prospective primary healthcare initiatives either in Rwanda itself or elsewhere in the world mostly in resources-limited countries.Rodriguez and Samuels (2011) highlighted that putting in place a strong leader ship and accountability mechanisms at all levels, involvement and humankind of ownership of health services seekers, collaboration of all stakeholders in planning process supported by evidence-based policies are more likely to help in achieving the desired outcomes of primary healthcare as it has been shown for Rwandas experience.B.2.GapsIn malevolency of the above mentioned remarkable achievements that Rwanda has made in implementation of primary healthcare, there is still chasm to be addressed.